There are many ways to collect contaminants in fluids. An appliance made of filter materials that traps contaminants is called a filter. Magnetic materials are used to adsorb magnetic contaminants called magnetic filters. In addition, there are electrostatic filters, separate filters, etc. In the hydraulic system, all the contaminant particles collected in the fluid are called hydraulic filters. The most widely used hydraulic filters are in addition to the use of porous materials or winding-type slits to intercept pollutants, as well as magnetic filters and electrostatic filters used in hydraulic systems.

After the above-mentioned impurities are mixed into the hydraulic oil, with the circulation of the hydraulic oil, it will cause damage everywhere, which will seriously affect the normal operation of the hydraulic system, such as the small gap (in μm) between the relatively moving parts in the hydraulic components and the joints. Flow small holes and gaps are stuck or blocked; damage the oil film between relative moving parts, scratch the surface of the gap, increase internal leakage, reduce efficiency, increase heat generation, aggravate the chemical action of the oil, and make the oil deteriorate. According to production statistics, more than 75% of the faults in the hydraulic system are caused by impurities mixed in the hydraulic oil. Therefore, maintaining the cleanliness of the oil and preventing the contamination of the oil are very important for the hydraulic system.

The general hydraulic filter is mainly composed of a filter element (or filter screen) and a shell (or skeleton). Numerous tiny gaps or pores on the filter element constitute the flow area of the oil. Therefore, when the size of the impurities mixed in the oil is larger than these tiny gaps or pores, they are blocked and filtered out of the oil. Because different hydraulic systems have different requirements, it is impossible to completely filter the impurities mixed into the oil, and sometimes it is not necessary to be demanding.

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